Japanese Cornell Dogwood

Japanese Cornel Dogwood (Cornus officinalis)

Japanese Cornel Dogwood (Cornus officinalis) is a multi-season ornamental shrub or small tree appreciated for its early yellow flowers, bright red fruit, and decorative exfoliating bark. Native to East Asia, this cousin of Cornus mas offers a refined habit and slightly earlier bloom time, making it a valuable addition to winter and early spring landscapes.

Distinctive Features

Cornus officinalis flowers very early in the season, often from February to March, with clusters of small yellow blooms appearing before the leaves. These flowers brighten bare branches at a time when few other plants are in bloom. In late summer, the tree produces oval-shaped red fruits that are both ornamental and edible. Its green, ovate foliage turns shades of gold and bronze in fall, and its bark exfoliates over time to reveal patterns of gray, tan, and cinnamon that enhance winter interest. The overall shape is upright and spreading, with age contributing to a picturesque form.

Growing Conditions

• Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
• Soil: Prefers well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils
• Water: Moderate; consistent moisture preferred during establishment
• USDA Hardiness Zones: 5�8

Ideal Uses

• Focal Point: Early flowers and dramatic bark draw attention throughout the seasons
• Specimen Tree: Suitable for lawn or garden bed use where its form can be appreciated
• Winter Interest: Perfect for off-season color and bark texture
• Edible Landscapes: Fruit can be used in syrups, jams, or left for wildlife
• Mixed Borders: Pairs well with early bulbs and shade-tolerant perennials

Low Maintenance Care

• Watering: Keep evenly moist during the first two years; tolerant of short dry spells once established
• Pruning: Minimal pruning required; shape after flowering if necessary
• Fertilizing: Use a balanced fertilizer in early spring
• Mulching: Maintain a mulch layer to conserve moisture and protect roots
• Protection: Site in well-drained soil to prevent root problems

Why Choose Japanese Cornel Dogwood?

• Very Early Bloomer: Adds color to the garden when most plants are still dormant
• Multi-Season Interest: Offers flowers, fruit, fall foliage, and textured bark
• Adaptable Habit: Grows well in a variety of settings and soils
• Wildlife Value: Supports pollinators and birds with nectar and fruit
• Focal Point: A beautiful and reliable feature plant for year-round appeal

Cornus officinalis offers subtle elegance and practical versatility, serving as a dependable focal point in gardens that value early blooms and multi-season charm.